Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Unfortunately, misconceptions and stigma surrounding HPV often overshadow the facts. In this article, we aim to provide you with accurate information about HPV, promoting a healthy understanding and dispelling any unwarranted shame or embarrassment associated with the infection.

Separating the facts from the fables

1) HPV: An Inevitable part of sexual contact:

HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection, with approximately 80% of sexually active individuals expected to encounter it during their lifetime. It's important to understand that HPV doesn't discriminate based on sexual practices or preferences.

2) Almost Everyone Encounters HPV:

At some point in their lives, nearly every person will have HPV on their skin, even without engaging in sexual activity. It's important to note that HPV is not solely transmitted through sexual contact.

3) HPV: It's Okay, You're Not Alone:

Most people either have had HPV or will contract it, and that's completely normal. There's no need for shame or stigma. In 70% of cases, the virus clears within one year, and in 90% of cases, within two years.

4) Often Harmless and Symptomless:

In the majority of cases, HPV infections are harmless and don't cause any noticeable symptoms. This means that most people with HPV may not even know they have it. The immune system typically clears the infection within a few years.

5) Potential Complications:

While many HPV infections go unnoticed, some can result in genital warts and abnormal cell changes. These abnormalities can, in rare instances, progress to various types of cancer, such as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancer. Regular screenings and prompt medical intervention can help detect and manage these complications effectively. This is why it's super important to go for your regular cervical screenings to pick up if you've come into contact with high risk strains of HPV. 

6) Shared responsibility:

Partners in a sexual relationship will inevitably share HPV. Due to its common occurrence and the absence of symptoms in most cases, it is challenging to determine which partner transmitted the infection or when it occurred. Open communication and mutual support are vital in understanding and managing HPV within relationships.

7) Differentiating HPV from Other Infections:

HPV is distinct from other sexually transmitted infections like HIV and herpes (HSV). Each infection has its own characteristics, modes of transmission, and potential health implications.

8) Gender-Neutral Transmission:

Contrary to common assumptions, HPV can be transmitted between vulva owners who engage in sexual activity exclusively with other vulva owners. The infection is not limited to heterosexual relationships or specific gender identities.

9) Limitations of Condoms and Dental Dams:

While condoms and dental dams provide some protection against HPV, they do not guarantee complete prevention. HPV can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact in areas not covered by these protective barriers.

10) HPV Testing and Screening:

Routine HPV testing is not included in standard sexual health check-ups or STI screenings. This is because most HPV infections clear up on their own, and frequent testing could lead to unnecessary detection and treatment of infections that would naturally resolve.

11) Dormancy and Late Manifestation:

HPV can remain dormant for months or even years before genital warts or cervical abnormalities emerge. Regular screenings are crucial in detecting potential complications at an early stage.

12) Testing Recommendations for men:

Currently, routine HPV testing is not recommended for men. However, it is important to consult with healthcare professionals to determine the best course of action based on individual circumstances.

13) Emotional Impact and Support:

The emotional impact of receiving an HPV diagnosis can often be more challenging than the infection itself. Seeking support from healthcare providers, support groups, and trusted individuals can aid in coping with the emotional aspects associated with HPV. There is a distinct lack of knowledge surrounding HPV which contributes to high shame and stigma. One large survey found that only 61% of participants had heard of HPV, with a significantly lower proportion aware of its high prevalence.

The bottom line

Normalising that HPV is an inevitable part of sexual contact and that most of us will contract it at some point in our lifetimes can help to minimise feelings of shame, isolation and embarrassment.